Multiples and adjusted ratios
Multiples – the whole QSR:
Interest/EBITDA: 19%
- Enterprise Price/ Tax-shield adjusted EBI: 28(20-38)
- Enterprise Price / EBI : 24
- Enterprise Price / EBIT : 18
- Enterprise Price / EBITDA: 13
Multiples – the hamburger-QSR:
Interest/EBITDA: 24%
- Enterprise Price/ Tax-shield adjusted EBI: 29(20-38)
- Enterprise Price / EBI: 25
- Enterprise Price / EBIT: 19
- Enterprise Price / EBITDA: 13
Multiples –chicken-QSR:
Interest/EBITDA: 23%
- Enterprise Price/ Tax-shield adjusted EBI: 34
- Enterprise Price / EBI: 30
- Enterprise Price / EBIT: 22
- Enterprise Price / EBITDA: 20
Multiples –sandwich -QSR:
Interest/EBITDA: 0%
- Enterprise Price/ Tax-shield adjusted EBI: 91
- Enterprise Price / EBI: 90
- Enterprise Price / EBIT: 59
- Enterprise Price / EBITDA: 10
Multiples – the Mexican-QSR:
Interest/EBITDA: 12%
- Enterprise Price/ Tax-shield adjusted EBI: 23
- Enterprise Price / EBI: 21
- Enterprise Price / EBIT: 15
- Enterprise Price / EBITDA: 9
Multiples – Pizza-QSR:
Interest/EBITDA: 10%
- Enterprise Price/ Tax-shield adjusted EBI: 25
- Enterprise Price / EBI: 23
- Enterprise Price / EBIT: 16
- Enterprise Price / EBITDA: 12
Multiples – the whole QSR:
Gross margin Operating Margin EBITDA/Sales Interest/EBITDA
(31%) (18%) (24%) (19%)
Enterprise Price / Sales: average 3.5
Stock price / sales: average 2.5
Multiples – the hamburger-QSR:
Gross margin Operating Margin EBITDA/Sales Interest/EBITDA
(35%) (22%) (29%) (24%)
Enterprise Price / Sales: average 4.2
Stock price / sales: average 2.9
Multiples – the chicken-QSR:
Gross margin Operating Margin EBITDA/Sales Interest/EBITDA
(47%) (30%) (33%) (23%)
Enterprise Price / Sales: average: 6.7
Stock price / sales: average 5.0
Multiples – the sandwich-QSR:
Gross margin Operating Margin EBITDA/Sales Interest/EBITDA
(13%) (1%) (7%) (0%)
Enterprise Price / Sales: average: 0.73
Stock price / sales: average 0.73
Multiples – the Mexican-QSR:
Gross margin Operating Margin EBITDA/Sales Interest/EBITDA
(17%) (8.5%) (13.5%) (12%)
Enterprise Price / Sales: average 1.28
Stock price / sales: average 0.93
Multiples – Pizza-QSR:
Gross margin Operating Margin EBITDA/Sales Interest/EBITDA
(17%) (8%) (10%) (10%)
Enterprise Price / Sales: average 1.25
Stock price / sales: average 1.0
Sensitivity of margin to sales
-
AVG EBI margin changes/sales growth (for every +1%):-17%
-
AVG EBI margin changes/sales growth (for every -1%): 1%
Term Definitions
We build our valuation on several different multiples derived from ratios of paid price in similar transaction or trading in public market and financial measurement such as cash flow and sales. Multiples listed above can be used as general benchmarks for PE, M&A, or distressed equity/debt buyer and seller to estimate the value for the whole enterprise of the targeted company. Our definition of EBITDA is EBITDA=operating income +depreciation/amortization +70% minority interest as equity method- preferred stock dividends. Tax-shield adjusted EBI is defined as EBITDA-Tax –Depreciation –Amortization - tax shield of interest. We recommend that you choose your multiples from the range we provided above based on debt level/interest level and sensitivities of margins with an adjustment of revenue growth.
Revenue Growth
Growth
2015 2016 2017 2018(annualized)
- Growth in comparable sales (QSR-US market)
- Average 4.8% 2.0% 1% 0%
- Range 0.5-8% -1-5% -5-3% -5-6%
- Growth in comparable transactions (QSR-US market)
- Average 1% -0.9% -1.3% 0.6%
- Growth in comparable sales (hamburger-QSR US market)
- Average 5.3% 1.6% 1.3% 1.8%
- Range 0.5-8% 0-2.6% -3-5% -2-6%
- Growth in comparable sales (Chicken-QSR-US market)
- Average 4.2% 2.1% 3% 2%
- Range 3-6% 1.4-3% 3% 2%
- Growth in comparable sales (sandwich-QSR-US market)
- Average 4% 1.4% -2.4% -1.8%
- Growth in comparable sales (Mexican -QSR-US market)
- Average 5.7% 3.4% 4% 2%
- Growth in comparable sales (Pizza-QSR-US market)
- Average 3.5% 1.7% 0% -3.5%
- Growth in comparable traffic (hamburger-US market):
- Average 0.3% -1.7% -1% -0.6%
- Range -3-4% -3-0% -5-1% -2-1%
- Growth in comparable traffic (Mexican-QSR-US market):
- Average 1.6% 0.2% 0.2% 0.2%
More Detailed and Customized Work Offered
With our financial consulting and investment advisory service, we provide, based on our philosophy of relativity in microeconomy, customized analysis of corporate operation and as well pricing, valuation or due-diligence covering PE,M&A, and distressed asset/debt.
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Philosophy of Pricing of Enterprise
Investment in PE (including M&A) needs a guarantee for predictable after- transaction cash inflow. The ideal PE target company should be a mature business with stable sales and consistent costs management &controlling (margin above some certain level), and with a similar-peers price/cash flow multiple (after considering sales growth trend and sensitivity of margins). and with a relative lower margin.
We think the profit or positive return from PE investment comes from extra cash inflow, on the basis of cash inflow before transaction, by highly efficient production optimization and/or innovative reallocation of operating resources. Therefore, we hope the ideal target company's margin should be above some certain level but close to bottom of that level.
For investment in distressed equity or its debt, we think the same principle should be followed ( for example, a positive EBI may be the margin level for equity investor and as well debt investor to apply multiples).
See more details from our websites post “ How to evaluate PE and distressed equity/debt?".
